Wikipedia is wonderful as a sharing institution.
Just now there is a very specific reason for saying so from a sharing perspective.
The Wikipedia article on sharing cites an essay by Yochai Benkler that appears at pages 273-358 of volume 114 of the Yale Law Journal.
Entitled “Sharing Nicely: On Shareable Goods and the Emergence of Sharing as a Modality of Economic Production”, the essay describes “shareable goods”, which Benkler defines as “a particular class of physical goods…that systematically have excess capacity”.
Yochai Benkler offers a tall glass of water to anyone who has thirsted for definitions regarding sharing.
Sharing is a desert of language, a desert of definitions, that Benkler, a professor at Yale at the time he wrote the essay and now the Jack N. and Lillian R. Berkman Professor for Entrepreneurial Legal Studies at Harvard Law School, sets out to make familiar to us through definition. For most of us, the result will follow the adage of Walter Lippmann that we don’t see and then define but define and then see.
In subsequent postings, some of Benkler’s insights may be commented on but for now a few quotations from near the beginning of “Sharing Nicely” will have to suffice.
“The characteristics I use to define shareable goods are sufficient to make social sharing and exchange of material goods feasible as a sustainable social practice. But these characteristics are neither absolutely necessary nor sufficient for sharing to occur. Instead they define conditions under which, when goods with these characteristics are prevalent in the physical-capital base of an economy, it becomes feasible for social sharing and exchange to become more salient in the overall mix of relations of production in that economy.”
“I suggest that social sharing and exchange is an underappreciated modality of economic production…whose salience in the economy is sensitive to technological conditions.”
“My own concern is how a particular subclass of indivisible goods…creates a feasibility space for social sharing…”
“…both markets and managerial hierarchies require crisp specification of behaviors [sic – warning to fellow Canadians and British subjects we are dealing with American spellings here] and outcomes. Crispness is costly. It is not a characteristic of social relations, which rely on fuzzier definitions of actions required and performed, of inputs and outputs, and of obligations. Furthermore, where uncertainty is resistant to cost-effective reduction, the more textured (though less computable) information typical of social relations can provide better reasons for action than the persistent (though futile) search for crisply computable courses of action represented by pricing or managerial commands. Moreover, social sharing can capture a cluster of social and psychological motivations that are not continuous with, and may even be crowed out by, the presence of money. Pooling large numbers of small-scale contributions to achieve effective functionality – where transaction costs would be high and per-contribution payments must be kept low – is likely to be achieved more efficiently through social sharing systems than through market-based systems. It is precisely this form of sharing – on a large scale, among weakly connected participants, in project-specific or even ad hoc contexts – that we are beginning to see more of on the Internet; that is my central focus.”
"Social sharing and exchange is becoming a common modality of producing valuable desiderata at the very core of the most advanced economies..."
"Once we come to accept the economic significance of this cluster of social practices, we will have to turn to mapping internal variations and understanding their workings and relationships to each other as economic phenomenon.....For now, however, all we need is to recognise that a broad set of social practices can be sustainable and efficient substitutes for markets, firms and bureaucracies."
The “Sharing Nicely” article begins to de-mystify, by defining, some of what is going on in terms of sharing in our economy. Whether its analysis will have much practical application to the specific complex of legal, social, economic, and technical problems that a website like www.sharablethings.com faces, it is nonetheless gratifying to hear Benkler's voice calling directions to lost souls wandering in this peculiar little-defined place (sharing) in the middle of our economy.